Which species of Yellow-Jackets are known to nest underground?

The choice specifying the German, Common, and Eastern Yellow-Jackets as species known to nest underground is accurate because these species are noted for their nesting behavior that typically occurs below the ground.

German Yellow-Jackets are particularly known for their underground nests, often found in old rodent burrows or disturbed soil. They can establish colonies in a variety of locations, but underground nesting is common.

Common Yellow-Jackets also display this behavior; they can build nests in the ground, commonly taking advantage of existing burrows or creating their own in compacted soil.

Eastern Yellow-Jackets, like the others mentioned, are also capable of nesting underground, often in grassy areas where their nests can be somewhat concealed.

This specific nesting behavior of these species is significant for pest management, as it can affect control strategies, treatment options, and the overall approach to managing their populations. These species contrast with other Yellow-Jacket species that may prefer to nest above ground or in structures.